ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Prodromal symptoms as unfamiliar feelings: Experiences of Iranian myocardial infarction patients

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Patients affected by myocardial infarction (MI) report prodromal symptoms before heart attack. Deep understanding of these symptoms can increase the likelihood of early recognition and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to describe the prodromal symptoms of MI experienced by Iranian adults.METHODS: In this qualitative conventional content analysis, data was collected through an in-depth semi-structured interview with 14 men and women (aged 40–82 years). The patients were interviewed at the hospital 2 or 3 days after hospitalization due to MI. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Data analysis led to the emergence of the 4 categories of ‘Misperception of the symptoms’, ‘Reactions to the symptoms’, ‘Heart disease knowledge deficit’, and ‘Ideas and beliefs about heart disease’. The participants had not recognized the prodromal symptoms of MI and they attributed their symptoms to non-cardiac causes. They did not consider themselves at risk of heart disease, so they did not seek health services.CONCLUSION: The participants were unaware of their prodromal symptoms. Clinicians should be attentive that men and women at risk of MI may experience a range of unfamiliar and vague prodromal symptoms, so they must give greater attention to their narratives. A greater understanding of the prodromal symptoms experienced may lead to a more truthful and timely interpretation of their symptoms and earlier detection by physicians.

Keywords

References
  1. Fahimfar N, Khalili D, Sepanlou SG, Malekzadeh R, Azizi F, Mansournia MA, et al. Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: Rresults from the Iran Cohort Consortium. BMJ Open 2018; 8(7): e020303.
  2. Abbasi M, Neishaboury M, Koohpayehzadeh J, Etemad K, Meysamie A, Asgari F, et al. National prevalence of self-reported coronary heart disease and chronic stable angina pectoris: Factor analysis of the underlying cardiometabolic risk factors in the SuRFNCD-2011. Glob Heart 2018; 13(2): 73-82.
  3. Meysamie A, Salarvand F, Khorasanizadeh M, Ghalehtaki R, Eskian M, Ghodsi S, et al. Cardiovascular risk assessment by FRS and SCORE in Iranian adult population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16: 35.
  4. McSweeney JC, Cody M, O'Sullivan P, Elberson K, Moser DK, Garvin BJ. Women's early warning symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2003; 108(21): 2619-23.
  5. O'Keefe-McCarthy S, Ready L. Impact of prodromal symptoms on future adverse cardiac-related events: A systematic review. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 31(1): E1-10.
  6. Soltani L, Sabzevari S, Ravari A. The prodromal symptoms in patients with myocardial infarction in cardiac care unit of Rafsanjan Alieben Abitaleb hospital. Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal 2013; 2(3-4): 107-14. [In Persian].
  7. Mashreghimoghadam H, Kazemi T, Besharatimoghadam F. Prodromal symptoms in acute myocardial infarction in city of Birjand. Iran J Epidemiol 2008; 4(2): 1-5. [In Persian].
  8. Ready L, O'Keefe-McCarthy S. Early cardiac prodromal symptoms: An elusive clinical challenge. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29(10): S393.
  9. Lichtman JH, Leifheit-Limson EC, Watanabe E, Allen NB, Garavalia B, Garavalia LS, et al. Symptom recognition and healthcare experiences of young women with acute myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015; 8(2 Suppl 1): S31-S38.
  10. McSweeney JC, O'Sullivan P, Cleves MA, Lefler LL, Cody M, Moser DK, et al. Racial differences in women's prodromal and acute symptoms of myocardial infarction. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19(1): 63-73.
  11. Ewles L, Simnett I. Promoting health a practical guide. London, UK: Baillicre Tindall; 1999.
  12. Khodayar D, Azami Ghadikalani S. Mystical concept of "pain" Masnavi Manavi. J Feghe Pezeshki 2014; 14(5): 11-44. [In Persian].
  13. Shaghaghi A, Asadi M, Allahverdipour H. Predictors of self-medication behavior: A systematic review. Iran J Public Health 2014; 43(2): 136-46.
  14. Asefzadeh S, Barkhordari F, Moghadam F. Self-medication among cardiovascular patients of Bu-Ali hospital. Journal of Inflammatory Diseases 2003; 7(2): 91-4.
  15. Neergaard MA, Olesen F, Andersen RS, Sondergaard J. Qualitative description - the poor cousin of health research? BMC Med Res Methodol 2009; 9: 52.
  16. Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health 2000; 23(4): 334-40.
  17. Rashidvash V. Iranian people: Iranian ethnic groups. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2013; 3(15): 216-26.
  18. Marton F, Booth SR. Learning and awareness. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 1997.
  19. Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 2005; 15(9): 1277-88.
  20. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 1985.
  21. Berg J, Bjorck L, Dudas K, Lappas G, Rosengren A. Symptoms of a first acute myocardial infarction in women and men. Gend Med 2009; 6(3): 454-62.
  22. Christian AH, Rosamond W, White AR, Mosca L. Nine-year trends and racial and ethnic disparities in women's awareness of heart disease and stroke: An American Heart Association national study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007; 16(1): 68-81.
  23. Flink LE, Sciacca RR, Bier ML, Rodriguez J, Giardina EG. Women at risk for cardiovascular disease lack knowledge of heart attack symptoms. Clin Cardiol 2013; 36(3): 133-8.
  24. Giardina EG, Mull L, Sciacca RR, Akabas S, Flink LE, Moise N, et al. Relationship between cardiovascular disease knowledge and race/ethnicity, education, and weight status. Clin Cardiol 2012; 35(1): 43-8.
  25. Mosca L, Mochari-Greenberger H, Dolor RJ, Newby LK, Robb KJ. Twelve-year follow-up of American women's awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and barriers to heart health. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010; 3(2): 120-7.
  26. McSweeney JC, Crane PB. Challenging the rules: women's prodromal and acute symptoms of myocardial infarction. Res Nurs Health 2000; 23(2): 135-46.
  27. McSweeney JC, Cody M, Crane PB. Do you know them when you see them? Women's prodromal and acute symptoms of myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2001; 15(3): 26-38.
  28. Chen W, Woods SL, Wilkie DJ, Puntillo KA. Gender differences in symptom experiences of patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005; 30(6): 553-62.
  29. Culic V, Eterovic D, Miric D, Silic N. Symptom presentation of acute myocardial infarction: Influence of sex, age, and risk factors. Am Heart J 2002; 144(6): 1012-7.
  30. Toupchian O, Abdollahi S, Samadi M, Zeinali F, HonarkarShafie E, Farsad Naeimi A, et al. Knowledge and attitude on cardiovascular disease risk factors and their relationship with obesity and biochemical parameters. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security 2016; 1(1): 63-71. [In Persian].
  31. Rafiee Alhossaini M., Hassanzadeh A, Feizi A, Sarrafzadegan N. Transition in public knowledge of risk factors of cardiovascular disease in an Iranian general population: A latent transition analysis (LTA) on a longitudinal large community-based educational prevention program. ARYA Atheroscler 2016; 12(4): 185-91.
  32. Ranjbar H, Ebrahimi F, Mehrabi E. Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge among Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients in Eastern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Iran Cardiovasc Res J 2018; 12(2): 64-5.
  33. Ezzati P, Salehi S. Correlation of heart knowledge and cardiac risk factors with readiness for lifestyle modification in companions of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the West of Iran. Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud 2019; 6(2): e88622.
  34. Rezabeigi Davarani E, Iranpour A, Khanjani N, Mohseni M, Nazari Robati F. cardiovascular diseases risk factors and the relationship between knowledge level and preventive behaviors forcardiovascular diseases among women in Kerman. Health-Based Research 2016; 2(2): 119-32. [In Persian].
  35. Ghanei M, Ahmady K, Babaei M, Tavana AM, Bahadori M, Ebadi A, et al. Knowledge of healthy lifestyle in Iran: A systematic review. Electron Physician 2016; 8(3): 2199-207.
  36. Like RC. Educating clinicians about cultural competence and disparities in health and health care. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2011; 31(3): 196-206.
  37. Malekzadeh S, Azami M, Mirzaei M, Motamedi F. Comparative investigation of health literacy level of cardiovascular patients hospitalized in private and educational hospitals of Kerman City, Iran. Acta Inform Med 2016; 24(1): 56-60.
  38. McSweeney J, Cleves MA, Fischer EP, Moser DK, Wei J, Pettey C, et al. Predicting coronary heart disease events in women: A longitudinal cohort study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2014; 29(6): 482-92.
  39. O'Keefe-McCarthy S, McGillion MH, Victor JC, Jones J, McFetridge-Durdle J. Prodromal symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome acute symptom presentation. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 15(3): e52-e59.
  40. Bowles JR, McEwen MM, Rosenfeld AG. Acute myocardial infarction experience among Mexican American women. Hisp Health Care Int 2018; 16(2): 62-9.
  41. Rosato V, Temple NJ, La Vecchia C., Castellan G, Tavani A, Guercio V. Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58(1): 173-91.
  42. Ekman I, Cleland JG, Andersson B, Swedberg K. Exploring symptoms in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 7(5): 699-703.
ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal
Volume 17, Issue 1
January and February 2021
Pages 1-8
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics