Unravelling the multi-omics interplay in atherosclerosis development: Their integration for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of the disease

Barfi, Elahe; Barazesh, Mahdi; Mohammadi, Shiva; Abkhooie, Leila

doi:10.48305/arya.2026.45754.3113

Unravelling the multi-omics interplay in atherosclerosis development: Their integration for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of the disease

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Elahe Barfi ¹ ^¶

Mahdi Barazesh ² ^¶

Shiva Mohammadi ³

Leila Abkhooie ¹

¹ Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

² Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran

³ Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.48305/arya.2026.45754.3113

Abstract

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), characterized by the gradual accumulation of plaques within arterial walls, resulting in severe health complications such as myocardial infarctions and strokes. Recent advancements in multi-omics technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have significantly enhanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. These technologies provide a comprehensive view of the disease by integrating diverse biological data that extend beyond traditional risk factors. The integration of network medicine with multi-omics approaches further enhances our ability to elucidate the intricate interactions among biological components in both health and disease states related to atherosclerosis. This interdisciplinary framework not only facilitates the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets but also improves patient stratification for personalized interventions. By employing machine learning (ML) techniques, we can combine multiple omics and clinical datasets into innovative tools that support the development of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, challenges such as data quality, integration, and privacy remain significant barriers to progress. This review offers a comprehensive overview of various multi-omics technologies and their contributions to precision medicine in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Additionally, we address current challenges and limitations while outlining future research directions aimed at improving patient outcomes through innovative methodologies. The convergence of multi-omics data with network medicine signifies a critical shift toward more effective and individualized treatment paradigms in combating ASCVD, presenting substantial opportunities for advancements in clinical practice and patient management.

Keywords

Atherosclerosis

Coronary Artery Disease

Plaque Formation

Network Medicine

Precision Medicine

Single-Cell Multi-Omics

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