Document Type : Review Article
Authors
- Ashot Avagimyan 1
- Lusine Mkrtchyan 2
- Tamara Bairamyan 3
- Zinaida Jndoyan 4
- Grizelda Navasardyan 5
- Knarik Ginosyan 6
- Anahit Aznauryan 7
- Karmen Sahakyan 8
- Alexey Ionov 9
- Ivan Pavluchenko 10
- Liana Gogiashvili 11
- Davood Shafie 12
- Nizal Sarrafzadegan 13
1 Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Morphology Department, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
2 Department of Cardiology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
3 Department of Rheumatology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
4 Head of Internal Disease Propaedeutics Department, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
5 Department of Pathophysiology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
6 Head of Rheumatology Department, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
7 Department of Histology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
8 Head of Histology Department, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Republic of Armenia
9 Head of Internal Disease Propaedeutics Department, Kuban State Medical University, Russian Federation
10 Head of Biology Department with a course of Medical Genetics, Kuban State Medical University, Russian Federation
11 Head of Experimental and Clinical Morphology Department, Al. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
12 Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
13 Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex multisystem inflammatory granulomatous disease that can affect any organ, with a wide range of clinical presentations. A significant number of patients with systemic sarcoidosis may also have cardiac involvement. Clinical manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis can include various rhythm and conduction disturbances, as well as heart failure.
The structure of sarcoid granulomas is similar to that of tuberculous granulomas, but they lack caseous necrosis. Tissue changes in sarcoidosis depend on the stage of the disease, progressing from macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration to epithelioid cell granuloma formation and fibrosis. Granulomas can be found in any part of the myocardium, with the most common locations being the free wall of the left ventricle, the basal part of the interventricular septum, and the interatrial septum.
Advancements in diagnostic imaging techniques, such as computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have facilitated the verification of cardiac sarcoidosis. This article presents an analysis of updated information on cardiac sarcoidosis by a multidisciplinary working group.
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