Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2008 12 01 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL IN A GROUP OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN IRAN 10086 EN Maryam Boshtam MSc. Research Laboratory Dep. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IUMS), Isfahan. 0000-0003-0946-3354 Morteza Rafiei MSc. Medical Education and Development Center, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran. Samaneh Mostafavi MD. Research Assistant, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran. Gholam Ali Naderi PhD. Basic Science Research Dept. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, IUMS, Isfahan, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 08 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Female carpet-weavers are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency due to cultural, occupational and economic reasons. This case-control study was conducted to compare the frequency coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors in relation with the serum vitamin D level in 260 female carpet-wearers and non-carpet-weavers in the villages across Isfahan Province in the centre of Iran.    METHODS: All postmenopausal women aged over 50 were matched for cultural and socioeconomic status. The participants underwent clinical examinations. Blood samples were obtained and electrocardiography was performed. When necessary, echocardiography and exercise test were also administered to diagnose heart disease. Dietary intake of vitamin D was determined by completing a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A questionnaire obtaining personal data and length of daily exposure to sunlight was also completed. The existence of CAD was determined using standardized WHO Rose questionnaire and/or the Minnesota electrocardiography coding system. Blood lipids and vitamin D levels were measured using an ELAN-2000 auto analyzer and radioimmunoassay, respectively.    RESULTS: The results showed that only the frequency percentage of myocardial infarction (MI) in non-carpet-weavers was significantly higher than in female carpet weavers (P=0.001). The differences of age, serum vitamin D level, blood lipids, blood pressure and other variables were not significant (P>0.05). Neither was there any statistical association between serum vitamin D level and CAD risk factors, however, after adjustment for confounders (age, etc.), a direct relationship was observed between abdominal obesity as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (WHR>1) and serum vitamin D level (OR=0.99, P>0.05). Carpet weaving had no effect on CAD risk factors (P>0.05).    CONCLUSION: The findings of this study reveal no association between vitamin D and CAD. Further research is recommended into the possible relationship between CAD and vitamin D, as well as vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms responsible for genetic differences in vitamin D uptake by the bone.         Keywords: Vitamin D, carpet-weaver women, coronary artery disease (CAD), risk factors, post-menopause, angina pectoris, ischemia, blood lipids, blood pressure, Iran. https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10086_6412121cbb2dc2cb9e460cfee7046be2.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2008 12 01 INTRACRANIAL STENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS 10087 EN Hossein Zarei MD, Resident of Neurology, Neurosciences Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman. Hosseinali Ebrahimi MD, Professor, Neurology Dept, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Kaveh Shafiee MD, Neurologist, Neurology Dept, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mehrdad Yazdani MD, Research Assistant, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Kazem Aghili MD, Resident of Radiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to investigate pattern and risk factors associated with the location of atherosclerotic occlusive lesions in cerebral vessels. Previous studies of patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) suggest that extracranial atherosclerosis is more common in the white race. Noninvasive techniques such as duplex ultrasound, transcranial Doppler (TCD), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) allow vascular assessment of a more representative proportion of the patients, compared to conventional angiography alone.    METHODS: We evaluated patients with cerebrovascular problems (stroke and/or TIA) during a period of 6 months, using duplex ultrasonography, TCD and MRA to detect significant stenosis according to standard criteria.    RESULTS: Stenosis of extracranial and intracranial arteries was detected in 38% and 29% of cases, respectively. MCA was the most frequent involved intracranial artery (11% bilaterally and 5% unilaterally). Intracranial lesions tend to be multiple. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of frequency and distribution of stenosis. No correlation was found between opium use and stenosis. The women had significantly more poor windows than men (P<0.05). The extracranial stenosis was significantly more frequent than intracranial stenosis (P<0.01).    CONCLUSION: The relations between hypertension and extracranial stenosis, and diabetes and MCA stenosis were statistically significant. TCD seemed to be a better technique for evaluating intracranial lesions in men than in women.      Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Stenosis, Carotid artery, Doppler Sonography.   https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10087_afc2637129ad904485e07d2c0e6b0688.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON BLOOD HOMOCYS-TEINE LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS 10088 EN Mahmoud Djalali PhD. Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran. Shabnam Pooya MSc. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, TUMS, Tehran, Iran. Abolghasem Djazayeri PhD. Professor of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of health, TUMS, Tehran, Iran. Mohammadreza Eshraghian PhD. Associate Professor. Department of Biostatistic, School of Health, TUMS, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Turang MSc. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, TUMS, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Ramezani MSc. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, TUMS, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is regarded as serious condition for both the individual and the society. Its rapidly increasing global prevalence is a significant cause for concern. One of the most important reasons of mortality in diabetic patients is atherosclerosis. Many epidemiologic studies have shown that the total homocysteine concentration is a risk indicator for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that its concentration is increased considerably in diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological data indicate that the consumption of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular disorders and may protect against metabolic diseases. In recent years, many have studied omega-3 fatty acids but still, it cannot be used as an additive. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ω3 on homocysteine in type 2 diabetic patients.    METHODS: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 45-85 years with diabetes for at least 2 years. Anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI) and medical history were obtained. Diabetic patients were randomly assigned to either the case or the control group. Each subject received 3 capsules per day (omega-3 or placebo) for a period of 2 months. A sample of 10 ml blood was collected from each subject at the beginning and at the end of the study. Serum homocysteine was measured by Hitachi autoanalyzer with the Enzymatic Cycling method. Nutrient intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the trial for 2 days and analyzed by FPII. T-test was also used to compare the groups.    RESULTS: Comparison of mean ± SD (standard deviation) of BMI and food intake did not show any difference between the case and control groups. homocysteine levels were 3.10 µmol/lit and 0.126 µmol/lit in the case and control groups, respectively, and the difference was significant.    CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (3 g/per day) in the form of capsules can decrease homocysteine content in diabetic patients.      Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, omega-3 fatty acid, homocysteine.   https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10088_42edd1ec1dc5f5c1f11fd74a959e96c9.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 02 EFFECTS OF COOKED LENTILS ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND BLOOD LIPIDS OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES 10089 EN Hamidreza Shams MSc. Nutrition and Food Science Dept. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science & Health Services (SUMS) Tehran. Farideh Tahbaz PhD. Assistant Professor. Nutrition and Food Science Dept. SUMS. Tehran, Iran. Mohammadhassan Entezari PhD. Assistant Professor. School of Health, Isfafhan University of Medical Science & Health Service. Isfahan, Iran. Alireza Abadi PhD. Assistant Professor. Social Medicine Dept. School of Medicine. SUMS. Tehran. Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes control is one of the main conflict issues in diabetes management. Scientists, recently, recommend [increasing low glycemic index (LGI) foods in dietary regimen. The effects of cooked lentil as a low glycemic index food on serum blood glucose and lipid profile among type 2 diabetic patients has been investigated in this study.    METHODS: In a randomized cross-over clinical trial which was performed on 30 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A followed the normal diet and Group B followed normal diet with 50gm cooked lentil and 6gm canula oil substitute of 30gm bread and 20gm cheese. After  6 weeks, groups stopped their diets and put on wash out period for 3 weeks and later the  diets where switched between the them. Diet continued for another 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, serum lipids and glucose levels were determined at the beginning and the end of each test period. Data were analyzed by Food Processor II and SPSS-13.    RESULTS: BMI, LDL_C, HDL_C, TG and serum Fructozamine were not significantly affected by dietary regimens. But Total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly in regimen containing lentil (P<0.05).    CONCLUSION: Consumption of cooked lentil as a LGI food in breakfast led to reduction of FBS and TC and improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.      Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Lentil, Lipid profiles, Blood glucose, Glycemic index, Clinical Trial. https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10089_69f8ea31de0c00502b2ae571fbab1f95.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 FREQUENCY OF NEPHROPATHY AND ITS RELATION TO METABOL-IC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS 10090 EN Maryam Razzaghy Azar M.D. Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ali-Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Zahra Farahnak MSc. Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Science. Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and unless arrested, leads to end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus and to determine its correlation with metabolic control.    METHODS: We randomly selected 1203 cases with diabetes mellitus presenting to the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Urinary protein and creatinine were determined in a sample of 24-hour urine collection by the enzymatic methods and spot urine dipstick blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were assessed.    RESULTS: In this study, 1203 patients (438 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] and 777 with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]) were randomly selected. They consisted of 512 females and 721 males. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) of HbA1c was 7.9±3.4 in T1DM and 7.4±3.5 in T2DM. Based on HbA1c levels, good control was detected in 50.2% of patients, fair control in 20.4% and bad control in 29.4%. Of 1022 patients who were evaluated for proteinuria, 201 (19.7%) had albuminuria or clinical proteinuria. Of 931 patients, 19% had high levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was seen in 10 (0.8%) of all the cases. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between duration of DM, serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein (P< 0.001).    CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of clinical proteinuria in diabetic patients. Duration of diabetes and poor metabolic control were identified as a strong predictors of kidney damage in patients with diabetes.      Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, end-stage renal disease.   https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10090_4392e631da381761421d5e1e0c3de25f.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS 10091 EN Hamidreza Nasri MD. Cardiologist. Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jomhoory Islami Blv, Kerman. Behzad Sarvar Azimzadeh MD. Cardiologist, Kerman Physiology Research Center. Kerman Medical Science University. Kerman, Iran. Mohamadhosein Torabinejad MD. Pediatric cardiologist, Kerman Physiology Research Center. Kerman Medical Science University. Kerman, Iran. Reza Pourakbari MD. Research Assistant, Kerman Physiology Research Center. Kerman Medical Science University. Kerman, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Dialysis patients have high mortality rate which half of them is due to cardiac arrhythmias. Some clinicians fear dialyzing patients because of new arrhythmias occurrence during dialysis which may cause sudden deaths. Controlling the most common arrhythmias and managing the causes can help to reduce the mortality in these patients.    METHODS: All patients who have done dialysis in two centers in Kerman were studied. The known cardiac patients and consumers of antiarrhythmia drugs were excluded. The patients were monitored 24 hours before dialysis and during dialysis.    RESULTS: The Mean age of patients was 47.9 year. The most common arrhythmias found before and during dialysis Were PVC and PAC (64% and 40% respectively). The prevalence of AF rhythm was 2.7%. QT interval has no significant increase in dialysis patients. There was no significant relation between PAC and PVC numbers before and during dialysis. The prevalence of these arrhythmias did not have significant relationship with Ions changes, the duration and quality of dialysis, severity of anemia and also demographic factors.    CONCLUSION: Arrhythmias rate did not increase during dialysis so the dialysis itself is not a leading risk factor for arrhythmias.      Keywords: Arrhythmias, Dialysis, QT interval. https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10091_b219f59c2dd596abfadbcecfc2277659.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 DETERMINANTS OF SUBOPTIMAL BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: 24-HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRES-SURE MONITORING 10092 EN Mansoor Moazenzadeh MD. Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Kerman Physiology Research Center (KPRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman. Ali Mirzazadeh MD. MPh. Kerman Physiology Research Center (KPRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Pooria Salari MD. Research Assistant, Kerman Physiology Research Center (KPRC), Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted to define the determinants of suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients under treatment and explore a predictive model for detecting the patients at risk for increased BP.    METHODS: We enrolled 97 patients (40 males, 57 females) under treatment for hypertension between June 2006 and May 2007 in Shafa hospital, Kerman, Iran. BP was measured at clinic twice within 5-minute intervals. After setting up ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), BP was measured at 30-minute intervals during the day and 60-minute intervals during the night. The frequency of increased BP (more than 140/90 mmHg) was included in a regression model as dependent variable and all the others such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), drugs and baseline clinical measurements as the predictors.    RESULTS: Increased BP was detected in 44% (95% CI: 38.79%-49.65%) of all measurements during 24-hour monitoring. The frequency of increased BP had a significant relationship with BMI (b=0.35, P=0.001). Clinic's pulse pressure was a significant predicting factor for BP increase (P=0.02).    CONCLUSION: BMI and pulse pressure are the best predictors for being hypertensive during lifetime. Ineffective treatment of hypertension is frequent among the hypertensive patients.      Keywords: Blood pressure control, Pulse pressure, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), BMI. https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10092_c0c3a9fb8385d8e03a46adadde9af3bf.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NEW ONSET DIABETES MELLI-TUS AMONG TRANSPLANTED RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS 10093 EN Mohammad Javad Mojahedi MD. Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran. Parvin Layegh MD. Endocrinology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran. Maryam Hami MD. Assistant Professor of Nephrology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran. 0000-0002-5020-9895 Fariba Khosravi MD. Internal Medicine Dept. Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular disease and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. This study was conducted to identify incidence and risk factors for development of PTDM.    METHODS: We studied 50 non-diabetic adult dialyzed patients awaiting renal transplantation prospectively. Oral glucose tolerance test () was performed pre- and post-transplantation. The relation of age, weight (BMI), dialysis modality, family history of diabetes, duration of dialysis was assessed with occurring PTDM.    RESULTS: Based on 1, 13 patients had unknown Diabetes Mellitus; however after transplantation only 9 of them had same results. Based on 2 6(16.22%) patients had actually PTDM. Age of patients with PTDM were significantly higher than those with normal test (43± 17 versus 31± 11 year old) (P<0.05). There was significant relation between duration of dialysis with PTDM (P<0.05), as normal was seen in 85.2% patients that dialyzed less than 1 year. There was no significant relation among dialysis modality and family history of diabetes and BMI with PTDM (P>0.05).    CONCLUSION: Risk factors for diabetes in our study were age and duration of dialysis before transplantation. Then identifying them might allow modification of post transplant immunosuppressant with nondibetogenic agents in high risk patients.      Keywords: post-transplant diabetes mellitus, oral glucose tolerance test, renal transplantation.   https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10093_ee51fce06e2c58e0cac874de44b57035.pdf

Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 3 4 2010 12 08 FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF BODY MASS INDEX AND SERUM LI-PIDS 10094 EN Azita Fesharak Nia MD. Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nephrology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand. Journal Article 2010 12 07 Abstract    INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to assess the relation of body mass index, serum lipids and dyslipidemia in parents and their children.    METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted on 211 students from Birjand junior high schools and their parents (211 mothers, 211 fathers) in 2007. The students were selected by multistage random sampling. Body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in students and their parents.    RESULTS: There was a significant relation of BMI in parents and children. Fathers' BMI had a significant relation with those of both boys and girls. There was a significant relation of total cholesterol and triglyceride between fathers and children in both in girls and boys. There was a significant relation of LDL-C between fathers and boys. In both parents HDL-C had significant relation with that in children, both in girls and boys. There was significant relation between hypercholesterolemia in fathers and low HDL-C in mothers and children (both boys and girls).    CONCLUSION: There was significant relation of BMI and serum lipids and some forms of dyslipidemia in parents (especially fathers) and children. Hence, screening programs in children of high-risk parents are recommended.      Keywords: Serum lipids, Body Mass Index, Dyslipidemia, Familial. https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10094_018a1b6ccd2ec81361657e259155895a.pdf