@article { author = {Sadeghi, M}, title = {THE METABOLIC SYNDROME}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome - the clustering ofabdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia andhypertension - is a major public health challengeworldwide.1,2 The metabolic syndrome is not benign;it is associated with a substantially elevated risk oftype 2 diabetes (5-fold) and of cardiovascular disease(CVD) (2-3-fold),1 and its increasing prevalence couldpossibly reverse the gains made through recentdeclining CVD mortality.The metabolic syndrome is not a new condition. Itwas first described in the 1920s by Kylin, a Swedishphysician, as the association of hypertension,hyperglycemia and gout.3 In the 1940s, attention wasdrawn to upper body adiposity (android or male-typeobesity) as the obesity phenotype commonlyassociated with type 2 diabetes and CVD.4This constellation of CVD risk factors has been givena number of names, including "deadly quartet","syndrome X", and "insulin resistance syndrome",1but "metabolic syndrome" is likely to hold sway forthe foreseeable future.Just as the metabolic syndrome has borne a variety ofdifferent names, numerous definitions have alsosurfaced. The World Health Organization definition,5and two others, developed by the European Groupfor the Study of Insulin Resistance6 and the NationalCholesterol Education Program - Third AdultTreatment Panel (ATP III),7 have been the main onesin use. Each of these agreed on the core componentsof obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia andhypertension. However, the definitions differ in thecut-points used for each component, and the way inwhich the components are combined, leading toconsiderable confusion.1 The confusion has beenparticularly apparent in attempts to compare theburden in different populations, where the use ofdifferent definitions has seriously hampered theability to make comparisons between and withincommunities.1,2}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10148.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10148_8a402e9be075a7850719a08913cf3474.pdf} } @article { author = {Boshtam, Maryam and Abbaszadeh, Mahboobeh and Rafiei, Morteza and Shahparian, Mansoor and Boshtam, Mohsen}, title = {COMPARISON OF SERUM LEVELS OF CRP AND URIC ACID IN ACTIVE, PASSIVE, AND NON-SMOKERS}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Some studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) and uricacid may have a role in development of coronary artery disease (CAD); the role cigarettesmoking plays in CAD through various mechanisms has also been demonstrated. Hence,the question is raised: does cigarette smoking exert its atherogenic effect throughincreasing CRP and uric acid levels in the serum? The first step in responding to thisquestion would be to study the relationship between cigarette smoking, CAD, CRP anduric acid levels. As cigarette smoking is highly prevalent in Iran, the present study wasconducted to compare mean serum levels of CRP and uric acid in 3 groups of activesmokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers, to determine any possible associationbetween cigarette smoking and serum CRP and uric acid levels.METHODS: The study involved 177 men aged 20-40 years in 3 groups of activesmokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers (59 individuals in each group). In addition,fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects to measure serum levels of CRPserologically and uric acid photometrically (using ELAN 2000). Questionnaires onanthropometrics, personal information, disease history, drug use and other relatedsubjects were completed for all the subjects.RESULTS: Mean serum CRP levels were 5.4}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10149.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10149_f3640d02858769ed4f7c5c8322c2411f.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghandehari, Kavian and Izadi Mood, Zahra}, title = {CARDIAC SOURCES OF EMBOLISM IN IRANIAN STROKE PATIENTS}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Rheumatic valvular disease is a common complication of rheumaticfever in children in developing countries. Later in life, rheumatic valvular diseasebecomes an important modifiable risk factor of stroke. The incidence of rheumaticvalvular disease and its complications are unknown in Iran.METHODS: This is a prospective study of 302 consecutive patients admitted to atertiary care hospital in Iran, with a diagnosis of non-hemorrhagic stroke between June2005 and June 2006. All patients underwent diagnostic workup to determine strokeetiology according to clinical indications. Diagnosis and classification of stroke was madebased on the PIC criteria.RESULTS: In 302 patients with stroke (mean age: 66.78±14.36 years), 60 patients(20%) (mean age: 65.61±17.48 years) had cardiac sources of embolism (CSE). Rheumaticmitral stenosis was present in 28 (46.6%) of these patients. Atrial fibrillation wasdocumented in 19 patients (67.8%) with rheumatic valvular disease. The remaining 32patients (53.3%) had other CSE. In the latter group, 8 patients (25%) had non-valvularatrial fibrillation. In the entire group with CSE, a total of 30 patients were candidates foranticoagulation; among them, 14 (46.6%) were anticoagulated, but only 6 (20%) werewithin therapeutic range at the time of their stroke.CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic valvular disease seems to be the most common CSE in Iran.Many patients with rheumatic or non-rheumatic CSE are not adequately managed forsecondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke.Key Words: Cardioembolic, stroke, rheumatic.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10150.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10150_fab4ee45023f0e235a61a7a9f3777a67.pdf} } @article { author = {Sadeghi, Masoumeh and Saneie, Hamid and Garak-Yaraghi, Mohammad and Rozati, Golnaz and Roohafza, HamidReza and Talaei, Mohammad}, title = {RELATIONSHIP OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: In view of the high prevalence of coronary artery diseases (CAD)and the fact that the metabolic syndrome is known to predispose to CAD, we studied therelationship between various components of the metabolic syndrome and the severity ofCAD.METHODS: A total of 545 patients with stable angina were included in this crosssectionalstudy. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographiccharacteristics, drug history, and history of previous hospitalization. Blood pressure (BP)and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Ten-hour fasting blood samples weretaken to measure blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), andtriglyceride (TG) using autoanalyzer. Angiography was performed with the standardmethod and the patients were scored using extent scoring. The metabolic syndrome wasdefined according to ATP-III. SPSS 11 was use to analyze data with t-test, ANOVA,correlation and logistic regression tests.RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 57.93±10.13 years. High HDL-C was themost frequent abnormality, followed by increased WC and TG. Severity of metabolicsyndrome increased with age. CAD was detected in 78.9% of patients with the metabolicsyndrome and 46.7% of patients without it (P<0.05). In regression analysis, themetabolic syndrome was found to be a risk factor for CAD (OR=1.35, CI=1.13-1.60).Direct correlation was found between angiography score and metabolic syndrome(P<0.01, r=0.15).CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome is a predisposing factor to CAD; hence CADprevention should involve measures to control metabolic syndrome, especially throughlifestyle modification.Key Words: Metabolic syndrome, CAD.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10151.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10151_70a378af66ce116738acbb2db2046d1a.pdf} } @article { author = {Mousavi, Ali and Ghahremani, Hossein and Chitsaz, Ahmad and Mazaheri, Farideh and Kelishadi, Roya}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF SOME ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK FACTORS IN CHILDREN OF PATIENTS WITH YOUNG STROKE}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Cerebral strokes below the age of 45 account for up to 3% of allstrokes. Given that atherosclerotic thrombotic factors are the most frequent etiology ofcerebrovascular accidents (CVA) second to cardioembolic causes, and that children offamilies with sequels of premature atherosclerosis are considered to be at risk, weassessed atherosclerosis risk factors and antiphospholipid antibody (APL-Ab) levels inchildren of patients with young stroke (YS) and without cardioembolic causes incomparison to controls.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27 children of patients withYS due to non-cardiac causes (case group) and 2 control groups, one with 52 children ofpatients with stroke after the age of 50, and the other with 55 children without the historyof stroke in their parents. Findings were analyzed with SPSS using ANOVA test.RESULTS: The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C andApoB100 in the case group were significantly higher and mean HDL-C and ApoA1 weresignificantly lower in the case group. The number of APL-Ab-positive cases was larger inthe case group. The other assessed variables were not different between the two controlgroups.CONCLUSIONS: Atherosclerotic thrombotic risk factors were more prevalent in childrenof patients with atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral YS than in controls. Primordial andprimary prevention of these risk factors should be considered in children of thesefamilies.Key Words: Young stroke, risk factors, children, prevention.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10152.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10152_8d32cf5685e4bc9b894b98ecd48d1f4c.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalili, Mohammad and Djazayeri, A and Khaghani, Shahnaz and Rahimi, Abbas and Dorosty, Ahmadreza and Paknajhad, Zahra and Chamary, Maryam}, title = {RELATIONSHIP OF BREAST MILK LEPTIN WITH MATERNAL AND INFANT ADIPOSITY}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Leptin, the product of the obese gene (ob), is synthesized by adiposetissue and contributes to the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. Recently,immunoreactive leptin was reported to be present in human milk. The aim of this studywas to determine any possible link between breast milk leptin concentrations andadiposity in exclusively breast-fed infants.METHODS: 130 healthy, exclusively breast-fed infants beyond neonatal period andtheir mothers were included in the study. Infants whose weight for age was above the75th, and between 25th and 75th percentiles were defined as obese (n=65) and non-obese(n=65), respectively. Anthropometric measur ements of infants and mothers were alsomade and breast milk samples were analyzed for leptin.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between breast milk leptinconcentrations of mothers of obese and non-obese infants. Breast milk leptinconcentrations significantly correlated with mothers' body mass index (r=0.54, P<0.001)and weight (r=0.46, P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between breast milkleptin concentrations and weight of infants.CONCLUSIONS: Leptin concentrations of human milk are not different in the mothers ofobese and non-obese infants. Our findings suggest that milk-borne leptin has nosignificant effect on adiposity during infancy.Key Words: Breast milk, leptin, infant, adiposity.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10153.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10153_1e07a40667d72dd248cab762abdfcb19.pdf} } @article { author = {Masoomi, Mohammad and Sarvareh Azimzadeh, Behzad and Naroei Nosrati, Shahin and Raissi, Arash}, title = {PREVALENCE OF RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause ofsecondary hypertension as well as ischemic nephropathy. Little information is availableabout the incidence of RAS in hypertensive patients in the Iranian society. This study wasperformed to determine the prevalence of RAS and its related risk factors in hypertensivepatients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 hypertensive patients (80males and 42 females) aged 33-74 years (mean age: 54±8.5 years), all of whomunderwent coronary angiography and selective renal angiography.RESULTS: According to angiographic data, 95 patients (77.9%) had coronary arterydisease (CAD) and 27 (22.1%) had normal coronary arteries. RAS was seen in 22 patients(23.1%) with CAD and hypertension, and in 4 patients (14.8%) with hypertension andnormal coronary arteries. Overall, 26 patients (21.3%) had RAS, which was classified assignificant (14.7%) and non-significant (6.6%). RAS significantly correlated to the femalegender (P=0.019), age (P=0.002), diabetes mellitus (P=0.025) and severity ofhypertension (P=0.006).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of significant RAS among hypertensive patientsundergoing coronary angiography was 14.7%. Factors like old age, severe hypertension,diabetes mellitus and female gender were clinical predictors of RAS.Key Words: Hypertension, renal artery stenosis, coronary artery disease, coronaryartery angiography.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10154.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10154_dfce22e6773e1364eb0f3af613be0fb7.pdf} } @article { author = {Taheri, Fatemeh and Kazemi, Toba}, title = {PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS IN BIRJAND}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: This population-based study was conducted to assess the prevalenceof overweight and obesity in high schools in the city of Birjand in Khorasan Province,Eastern Iran.METHODS: In this descriptive study, we attempted to determine the prevalence ofoverweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents attending high school in Birjand in 2005.A sample of 2230 high school students (1115 boys and 1115 girls) aged 15-18 years wasselected via stepwise random sampling in four districts of Birjand. Overweight andobesity were defined based on the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI for age, respectively,as proposed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in 2000.RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 6.1% and 2.3%,respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 5% in boys and 7.1% in high school girls.The prevalence of obesity was 2.8% and 1.8% in high school boys and girls, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in high schools in the city ofBirjand is lower than figures reported by other studies conducted in Iran and in othercountries.Key Words: Prevalence, overweight, obesity, adolescents.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10155.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10155_02727c6c8d960b334887034cfe726388.pdf} } @article { author = {Saiedi, Marzieh and Akhavan Tabib, Afshan and Golshadi, Imandokht and AliKhasi, Hassan}, title = {A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OIL AND FAT IN URBAN AND RURAL IRANIAN COMMUNITIES ACCORDING TO EDUCATION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing inindustrialized communities. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor whichis related to diet, especially consumption of hard margarine and hydrogenated fat.The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differs in communities.We studied the prevalence of consumption of different types of oil and fat in areas ofCentral Iran.METHODS: The subjects were selected using randomized cluster sampling and dividedinto rural and urban groups. A 48-item standard food frequency questionnaire was filledout for every subject by a trained interviewer, who also obtained demographic data. Datawere analyzed with SPSS. Different educational groups and the two sexes in urban andrural areas were compared using chi square test and paired t-test. P values below 0.05were considered as significant.RESULTS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 12600 adultsubjects aged above 19 years in the cities of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak. Consumptionof olive oil and other types of oil in the urban community of Isfahan was higher than inthe rural community. Consumption of animal oil and fat was higher in the ruralcommunity of Isfahan. In subjects with high school education and higher, consumptionof different types of oil was not found to be different between urban and ruralcommunities, or between men and women. In Arak, no difference was found betweenrural and urban subjects with high school education and higher, in respect ofconsumption of different types of oil. Among subjects with lower education, however,consumption of olive oil and other types of oil was higher in urban areas andconsumption of animal oil and fat was higher in rural men. In Najafabad, no differencewas found between different educational groups in respect of the different types of oilconsumed; only consumption of animal oil in rural subjects educated below high schooldiploma was higher than in cities.CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with high school education and higher, nodifference was found between rural and urban populations in respect of the types of oilconsumed. However, among individuals with low education, consumption of animal oiland fat as well as hard margarine was higher in the rural population, while the urbanpopulation consumed higher amounts of oil and olive oil. The pattern of oil and fatconsumption in men and women was different in the cities of Najafabad and Arak, butalmost similar in Isfahan. Geographical location and education affect the pattern of oiland fat consumption. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are more prevalent in members of therural population with low education.Key Words: Fat, oil, urban population, rural population, education.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10156.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10156_098068c0fc9d628c581cc67e7bc39972.pdf} } @article { author = {Faghih Imani, Susan and Hashemipour, Mahin and Kelishadi, Roya}, title = {LIPID PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH TYPE I DIABETES COMPARED TO CONTROLS}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {AbstractINTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus in the most common endocrine-metabolic diseasein children and is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study aimed tocompare the lipid profile of diabetic children with controls.METHODS: In this case-control study, the lipid profiles and lipoprotein levels of 45children aged 2-18 years with established diabetes were compared with those of 45healthy controls.RESULTS: Mean apolipoprotein A and triglyceride levels in the cases were higher inthan in controls, while mean apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein a, as well as total, LDL andHDL cholesterol were higher in controls.CONCLUSIONS: Better apolipoprotein levels and lipid profiles in diabetic children ascompared to controls were likely due to tight nutritional control in diabetic patientsunder study.Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, apolipoproteins, children.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10157.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10157_11375d408fc988f0aaca3383b0cb227d.pdf} }