@article { author = {Ghodsbin, Fariba and Bizhani, Mustafa and Bakhshizadeh, Rozita}, title = {EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON DECISION TO UNDERGO ANGIOPLASTY FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Angioplasty of coronary vessels is one of the basic and elective treatments for many patients with coronary diseases. The main objective of the present study was to survey the effective factors on patients' decision to undergo angioplasty from the viewpoint of patients.    METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 30 angioplasty candidates were selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of five demographic questions and ten questions about factors affecting the decision to undergo angioplasty. The respondents scored the importance of each item as very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS.    RESULTS: Financial problems were considered as an important barrier against undergoing angioplasty by 26 participants (86.7%). History of unpleasant experience was of little importance for 15 patients. Financial problems and existence of fear and anxiety were the most important factors and history of an unpleasant experience and high age were the least important. Fear was more effective on women than men (P = 0.37). Type of insurance was more important for patients with high school diploma or university degree (P = 0.33).    CONCLUSION: Since financial problems and fear and anxiety were effective on the decision to undergo angioplasty, arrangements need to be made to eliminate such factors and to prepare patients with heart diseases to better accept angioplasty.}, keywords = {Effective Factors,Angioplasty,Coronary Artery Disease}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10814.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10814_11a80f0429a8a0ca4f8a36f5acd72aea.pdf} } @article { author = {Baneshi, Mohammad Reza and Pourakbari, Reza and Abshahi, Maryam}, title = {INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF NOISE EXPOSURE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN TIRE MANUFACTURING WORKERS}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Noise can cause serious health problems. Regular use of personal health equipments can reduce such problems. This study has been designed to compare the blood pressure of tire manufacturing workers, who were exposed to noise (> 85 db) and used personal health equipment, with a control group without noise exposure.    METHODS: In this case-control study, 70 workers who were exposed to noise (case group) and 220 workers who were not (control group) were recruited. Regular use of personal health equipment was compulsory. LEQ was calculated for both groups. To analyse the data, chi-square test and t-test were implemented. Finally multivariate regression model was developed.    RESULTS: No difference was seen between the groups in terms of basic characteristics (age, years of working, and BMI). Mean systolic blood pressure in case and control groups was 116.6 and 117.5, respectively; giving a P-value of 0.50. Mean diastolic blood pressure in case and control groups was 76.7 and 77.4, respectively; giving a P-value of 0.47. Results indicate no significant difference between blood pressure of cases and control groups.    CONCLUSION: We did not see any significant difference between the blood pressure of those exposed to noise, and regularly using personal health equipment, and those in the control group without noise exposure. Therefore, we strongly recommend use of such equipments.}, keywords = {Tires Factory,Blood Pressure,Noise Exposure}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10815.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10815_fe14884c69ab08cf1ca5731cb962d71c.pdf} } @article { author = {Vafaei, Zamane and Karimi, Hajar and Mokhtari, Habibollah and Moeini, Maliheh and Pishgahi, Parisa and Moeini, Mina}, title = {LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EFFECT OF OBESITY ON HYPERTENSION AMONG THE PATIENTS OF ISFAHAN OIL COMPANY POLYCLINIC, IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a chronic disease and is one of the complications of Obesity. Based on this serious complication and the importance of preventing hypertension, we decided to study the level of public knowledge about the effect of obesity on hypertension.    METHODS: The present study was conducted through simple random sampling (SRS) on 262 patients of Isfahan Oil Company Polyclinic, Iran. In order to collect the required data, we provided special questionnaires which were completed by the patients.    RESULTS: Most of the patients participating in our study were over 40 years of age (50%). The next largest age group consisted of 40‐45 year olds (14%). The lowest educational status was high school diploma (41.3%), and 75.7% were married. 60.7% of the participants mentioned hypertension as a complication of obesity. 21.1% stated that hypertension is not a complication of obesity and18.2% did not know.    CONCLUSION: Since public knowledge about the effect of obesity on hypertension is rather moderate, efforts to increase public knowledge and treat obesity are important in reducing the rate of patients with hypertension.}, keywords = {Knowledge,Obesity,Hypertension}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10816.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10816_6d7011c83e8c28673bf4b2b487804783.pdf} } @article { author = {Zarei, Mohammad and Hejazi, Shirin and Javadi, Seyed Ali and Farahani, Hojatollah}, title = {THE EFFICACY OF WET CUPPING IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wet cupping is an old method that is still used in medicine, but few empirical studies have been done about its effect on hypertension. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of wet cupping on blood pressure in 35-60 year old patients who were diagnosed with hypertension.    METHODS: This study was a random, controlled, clinical trial and samples were 42 patients who referred to Imam Hussein Clinic of Quchan. Samples were determined by purposive sampling method and divided randomly into two groups. Samples of the cupping group were prescribed a series of 3 staged wet cupping treatments at 2 week intervals, and the participants in the control group were only prescribed medication. Blood pressure was measured (for the two groups) at the base line and at 42 days post treatment. Analysis was done by SPSS software version 17. Statistical methods used included independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test.    RESULTS: The study subjects of wet cupping and control groups do not show significant difference in the independent t-test for age, body mass index, duration of hypertension, and duration of antihypertensive drugs, and the two groups are homogeneous with P = 0.983,P = 0.682, P = 0.770, and P = 0.540 respectively. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference in systolic blood pressure in the cupping group before and after wet cupping course(P < 0.05).    CONCLUSION: With regard to the increasing use of wet cupping in the treatment of a wide group of illnesses and the clients' satisfaction, presenting suitable and proper use, informing people about its usage, and supervising the above-mentioned centers should be considered by authorities.}, keywords = {Blood Pressure,Wet Cupping,Complementary Medicine,Hypertension}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10817.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10817_242588030ccd8f21cbf77b9061108a9b.pdf} } @article { author = {Torkamaan, Hanieh and Torkamaan, Hamed and Torkamaan, Helma and Habibian, Fahime}, title = {A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN RURAL AREAS OF IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heath Houses are centers to provide first level health care to the large number of rural population in Iran. Major causes of death in rural areas indicate the implementation of many health care services without adequate awareness about effective local and cultural factors. Identifying local problems is crucial for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension in Health Houses. In this paper, we analyzed the main problems in diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in a rural health center and presented solutions and methods for solving these problems.    METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, medical history and blood pressure charts of 93 hypertensive patients were used to collect data. Moreover, the attitudes of patients regarding the disease and its treatment were recorded in a questionnaire to evaluate effective cultural and behavioral factors in hypertension control. All data was analyzed in SPSS18.    RESULTS: The most common reason of uncontrolled hypertension was avoiding drug use due to forgetfulness in women and disease denial in men. In addition, we found multidrug treatment to be more effective than single-drug therapy in controlling high blood pressure.    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the number of males with diagnosed hypertension was fewer than females. Moreover, compared to female patients, male patients referred to the health center less frequently. Their blood pressure was thus less controlled and they experienced more complications of the disease. Adequate education, especially in men, seems to be necessary to change the attitudes toward the disease and receiving treatment.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Rural Areas,Health Worker,Male Patient}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10818.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10818_ea16e43f774260a7400c54e3397dc34f.pdf} } @article { author = {Afkar, Abolhasan and Kazem Nezhad, Ehsan and Shams, Mehdi and Farmanbar, Rabiollah}, title = {A STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE PREVALENCE AND SOME OF ITS EFFECTIVE FACTORS IN DIFFERENT ETHNICITIES IN THE RURAL POPULATION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is considered as one of the main problems in developed and developing countries. Undoubtedly, controlling blood pressure is a significant factor in the declining of case of fatal non-contagious diseases, and plays an important role in reducing the rate of mortality caused by these diseases. The purpose of this research is to investigate blood pressure prevalence and its effective factors in the population older than 30 years of age in Shaft, Iran, around 2007-2008.    METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and applied research, which is dedicated to surveying the relationship between family history of blood pressure, diabetes, and fatness with high blood pressure prevalence in 27,057 people older than 30 years of age. Data was collected via a questionnaire along with observation, and was analyzed by SPSS software.    RESULTS: Results showed that from the 27,057 screened people, 47.4% were male and 52.6% female. 49.6% of screened people were at risk of high blood pressure 56% of at risk individuals had BMI factor of more than 25 and 13.6% had family history of diabetes. From the total population under survey, 1.9% were suspected of having high blood pressure, 0.47% of whom were diagnosed by physicians for the first time. The highest frequency of prevalence (including old and new sick people) was observed in 22% of people of 70 years of age and older that implied the risk of high blood pressure will be raised by increasing of age. The prevalence of high blood pressure in women (12.6%) was higher than men (4.58%).    CONCLUSION: Overweight people, people that had family history of blood pressure and diabetes, and smokers were more at risk of high blood pressure compared to healthy people. Therefore, paying sufficient attention to risky cardiovascular factors in the treatment of high blood pressure, changing the patients’ lifestyle, amending their diet and preventing them from immobility can be some of the effective ways of controlling risky factors.}, keywords = {Blood Pressure,Fatness,Diabetes,Family Background,Lifestyle}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10819.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10819_92b41ea5df8725d92dcbe22ff31957a5.pdf} } @article { author = {Barikani, Ameneh and Saeedi, Fatemeh}, title = {PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN WOMEN ABOVE 30 YEARS OF AGE IN MINOUDAR, QAZVIN, IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important causes of early mortality and a risk factor of many diseases such as cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases and renal failure. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HTN in women above 30 years of age in Qazvin, Iran.    METHODS: In a cross- sectional study in Minoudar (Qazvin, Iran), 328 women who aged above 30 years old were selected using simple random sampling. Their sitting blood pressure was measured twice and the mean values were recorded. Their height and weight were also measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Data was collected in a questionnaire including age, education, smoking, alcohol, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and salt consumption, and history of HTN and its treatment. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test in SPSS16. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.    RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 47.3 ± 1.1 years. Total frequency of HTN was 32%. In addition, 59.2% of hypertensive individuals were aware of their disease. While 48.1% of them were receiving treatment, only 21.3% had controlled blood pressure. Salt intake was determined as none, moderate, and high in 9.1%, 63.7%, and 27.1% of the participants, respectively. Most subjects (71.6%) did not exercise, 12.8% exercised less than 2 hours a week and 15.5% exercised more than 2 hours a week. Overall, 8.8% of the participants had used OCP. None of the subjects had used alcohol. Overweight and obesity were detected in 38.7% and 40.8% of the studied women, respectively. There were significant relations between age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Moreover, salt intake was significantly related with high systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.02).    CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of hypertensive participants did not know about their disease and did not have controlled blood pressure. Most women did not perform adequate exercise.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Systolic Blood Pressure,Diastolic Blood Pressure,Body Mass Index}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10820.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10820_8a8daf180bf15c0159a236d036d9c966.pdf} } @article { author = {Aghdak, Pejman and Shahidi, Shahla and Rahimi, Nadia and Montazeri, Maryam}, title = {THE FREQUENCY OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY IN MATERNAL DEATHS IN ISFAHAN PROVINCE, IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The findings of incidence or prevalence studies can help managers and policy makers evaluate the degree of changes and its relation with the performed interventions. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in maternal deaths that occurred during 2006-10 in Isfahan Province, Iran.    METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed all maternal deaths that occurred during 2006-10 in Isfahan. Data was collected by reviewing available documents using a checklist whose validity has been approved by experts. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square and Fisher's exact tests in SPSS12.    RESULTS: In total, 58 women who had died due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 30.2 ± 6.5 years (range: 17-45 years). From 22.4% of maternal deaths which were due to gestational hypertension, 92.3% were preeclampsia and eclampsia. One case of chronic hypertension (7.7%) was also observed. Other types of hypertension in pregnancy were not detected. The first direct cause of maternal death was hypertension disorders. Underlying diseases (36.2%) and bleeding (18.9%) were the other major causes of death.    CONCLUSION: The number of deaths caused by blood pressure disorders, as a direct and important factor in maternal deaths, reduced during the 5-year course of study. In order to improve pregnancy outcomes, measures should be taken for early detection and diagnosis of these disorders.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Pregnancy,Maternal Mortality Rate,Preeclampsia,Eclampsia}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10821.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10821_416f1cb1aa6c33323ebc152c6e62d871.pdf} } @article { author = {Bostani Khalesi, Zahra and Niknami, Maryam and Ghorbani, Ahmad}, title = {PREDICTION OF HYPERTENSION BY ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of various anthropometric indices in prediction of hypertension risk in primigravidae.    METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, 183 primigravidae who had referred to health care centers in Rasht (Iran) were recruited at their first antenatal visits. Using standardized methods, the researchers determined the weights, heights, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumferences (WC) of all women. Body mass index (BMI) was then calculated as weight divided by height squared. Data was analyzed with SPSS17. Step-wise linear regression models were fitted for systolic and diastolic blood pressure as dependent variables and BMI, WHR, WC as independent variables.    RESULTS: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 111.2 mmHg and 73.0 mmHg, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between obesity indicators and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Linear regression models suggested that BMI, WC, and WHR were important indicators of hypertension.    CONCLUSION: WC seemed to have a strong association with the risk of hypertension and preeclampsia.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Pregnancy,Waist to Hip Ratio,Body Mass Index,Waist Circumference}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10822.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10822_aa33f3151eefb44a331c319d023404e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Khezerloo, Somayeh and Rahmani, Alireza and Jafarizadeh, Hossein}, title = {THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION REGIMENS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN URMIA, IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Identifying of the factors that influence adherence to medication regimens can improve the quality of care in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between cognitive self-concept and adherence to medication regimens in patients with high blood pressure. METHODS: Using a descriptive correlational design, a convenience sample of 108 hypertensive patients were selected from Taleghani Hospital, affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The two validated and reliable questionnaires of Cognitive Perception of Cardiovascular Healthy lifestyles and Adherence questionnaires were completed by each patient. RESULTS: A direct relationship between challenges to self-concept and adherence to prescribed medication regimen was noted (P < 0.01). Threat to self-concept had an inverse relationship to adherence (P < 0.01). In other words patients who faced more challenge and less threat to self-concept adhered more to their prescribed medication regimen. CONCLUSION: Nurses should be looking for strategies and interventions such as education and counseling to stop patients with hypertension from seeing their medication regimens as a threat and encounter deliberately and strongly with their treatment regimens as a challenge to increasing their adherence to medication regimens.     }, keywords = {Self-concept,Hypertension,Cognitive Perception,Medication Regimen}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10823.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10823_6f11a1c167b2eb6969e8099b2de802fa.pdf} } @article { author = {Sattar, Mina and Esfarjani, Fahimeh and Nezakat-Alhosseini, Maryam and Kordavani, Laleh}, title = {EFFECT OF AQUATIC RESISTANCE TRAINING ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {  BACKGROUND: In postmenopausal women, the risk of having cardiac diseases, especially high blood pressure, is increased due to the decrease in secretion of estrogen. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aquatic resistance training on blood pressure and physical function of postmenopausal women.    METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 postmenopausal women (age: 53-60 years, BMI= 29.23 ± 5.27kg/m2  ( were randomly divided into experimental (n = 14) and control(n = 10) groups. Women in the experimental group participated in an aquatic exercise program for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) in the deep parts of the pool. Training included walking and running in water with water dumbbells weighing 250 grams. Before and after the exercise period, the body composition, blood pressure, dynamic balance, and flexibility of the subjects were measured.    RESULTS: According to the T-score, the average systolic blood pressure in the experimental group significantly decreased (9.29%) (P = 0.001). Dynamic balance and flexibility, respectively, significantly increased by 22.02% and 24.4% (P < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in body fat and weight.    CONCLUSION: Due to the positive effect of aquatic resistance training on blood pressure, dynamic balance, and flexibility these exercises are recommended for postmenopausal women.}, keywords = {Menopausal Women,Blood Pressure,Flexibility,Aquatic Resistance Training}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10824.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10824_c5e58bd72e4c231cfaa8d5d88ba98e01.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousefi Rizi, Hossein Ali and Dehghan, Habibolah}, title = {EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE ON CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE OF WORKERS}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In most industries, workers are exposed to loud noise. Noise is considered as a nonspecific biological stressor that have adverse effects on human physiology. It is associated with hypertension which is in turn one of the most important preventable risk factors of cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of noise on changes of workers' blood pressure.    METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 individuals who were exposed to noise at one of the industries in Isfahan, Iran. Noise levels (in dBA) were measured by means of a sound level meter. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and physical examination. Blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer at workplace. The collected data was analyzed by t-tests.    RESULTS: The workers aged 31.5 ± 5.2 years and were exposed to mean noise level of97.5 ± 10.1 dBA which was significantly above the standard level (85 dBA).The relationships between blood pressure, heart rate, and noise level were not significant. However, Pearson’s correlation indicated systolic blood pressure to have significant correlations with age (correlation coefficient = 0.302) and work experience (correlation coefficient = 0.299).    CONCLUSION: Workers exposed to noise levels above the standard, especially in the metal industry but their blood pressures haven’t any associated with noise. it mention that any changes in blood pressure resulting from occupational noise are likely to be small, careful controls, large sample sizes, and long time exposure to noise would be take to identify significant effects.}, keywords = {Noise Exposure,Blood Pressure,Young Workers,Cardiovascular Disease,Metal Industries}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10825.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10825_56fd919f9d904af63e6a19f8d578be8e.pdf} } @article { author = {Babaei, Sima and Khodabandeh-Shahraki, Sadigheh}, title = {LIFE WITH HYPERTENSION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a chronic health disorder which affects many aspects of daily life. A bio-psychosocial approach to patients and their problems is needed for hypertension management. Nurses encounter various valuable situations during their activities. Since patients beliefs about health and disease will guide self management measures, a holistic understanding of this subject is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the experiences of patients with hypertension in a qualitative study.    METHODS: In the current study a descriptive phenomenological framework was used to guide the project of inquiry. The population studied consisted of hypertensive patients referring to Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The sampling method was purposive sampling and continued until data saturation. The data collected was by in-depth interviews and data analysis was done by Colaizzi’s seven stages method.    RESULTS: Three themes were identified including clinical experiences about the disease, patients’ social experiences, and patients’ psychological experiences. These 3 items, respectively, belong to participants’ perception about diseases etiology, perception about treatment, and their feeling about their situation.    CONCLUSION: Based on the finding, patients’ beliefs about their disease and health situation can affect health behaviors and self-management. Hypertensive patients had mostly experienced chronic situations and treatment process, and their problems such as diet and life style. Life style is an important criterion for our physical health and it should be changed so that hypertensive patients feel relatively healthy, and peaceful. The patients indicated beliefs about their disease and experienced its psychological signs.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Lived Experience,Phenomenology}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10826.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10826_921c37365f612d99e17386de3089d144.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmaili Zabihi, Roghayeh and Ashktorab, Tahereh and Banaderakhshan, Homayoon and Zaeri, Farid}, title = {ADHERENCE TO THERAPEUTIC REGIMENS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {  BACKGROUND: Based on epidemiological research, there is a close relationship between cardiovascular problems and hypertension. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the rate of adherence to therapeutic regimens and its related factors in hypertensive outpatients admitted to teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran.    METHODS: In this descriptive study, 120 hypertensive outpatients who were admitted to four outpatient clinics in Urmia were selected during 2010. Demographic and disease-related data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Patients’ level of adherence was determined by the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale. After assessing the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, they were filled out through interviews.    RESULTS: The participants’ mean scores of adherence to medication, diet, and appointment keeping were 94.77 ± 6.65 percent (range: 72-100%), 91.53 ± 9.60 percent (range: 50-100%), and 86.56 ± 17.76 percent (range: 12-100%), respectively. There were significant relationships between patients’ drug adherence and different levels of income, number of pills taken each day, and the frequency of blood pressure control.    CONCLUSION: As adherence to therapeutic regimens is an important factor in blood pressure control among hypertensive patients, adherence rates in different age groups and different locations should be evaluated. Furthermore, investigations on inpatients can reveal other factors affecting rates of adherence to treatment.}, keywords = {Adherence,Hypertension,Therapeutic Regimens}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10827.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10827_26287ec337d0ebd3e2c8c17d86035848.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafarpour, Parvin and Mohseni Moghadam, Fatemeh and Aghamohamad Hasani, Parvin and Taleghani, Fariba and Hosseini, Seyed Habib}, title = {FREQUENCY OF HYPERTENSION AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN RAFSANJAN, IRAN}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Regular determination of blood pressure is very important in children, since early diagnosis of hypertension may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of hypertension among 7-12 year-old children in Rafsanjan during 2007.    METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 2370 male and female school-age children (7-12 years old) were included using multistage sampling method. Their height and blood pressure were measured by a standard meter tape and a sphygmomanometer. The criteria of the American Society of Heart, Lung, and Blood were used for definition of hypertension. The collected data was analyzed by chi-square test and analysis of variance in SPSS17.    RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension among the studied children was 3.5%. There was a relationship between age and the rates of high systolic and diastolic pressure in both genders. The prevalence of hypertension among male and female subjects was 1.8% and 5.2%, respectively. The highest level of hypertension was among 12 year-old children. Moreover, 2.5% of boys and 5.1% of girls had interstitial blood pressure.    CONCLUSION: The frequency of interstitial blood pressure and hypertension in our participants was apparently lower than the rates reported by similar studies. This difference is might have been caused by utilizing the new and more accurate criteria determined by the American Society of Heart, Lung, and Hypertension in the present research.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10828.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10828_6aa2dd473ac9e68b0e5daa4c76eef8f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Nargesi Khoramabad, Narges}, title = {Assessment of non-pharmacologic treatments of hypertension}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most risky factor of coronary artery disease and strokes. Attention to non-pharmacologic treatment can be one of the most important goals in treating hypertension. The aim of this study is the assessment of effective non-pharmacologic methods of hypertension. METHODS: In this review study, books, articles and some sites that are related to non-pharmacologic methods of treatment of hypertension were used. Then, the subjects were studied and the obtained findings were compiled as an essay. RESULTS: The appropriate planning for regular control of blood pressure, reduction of dietary salt intake, caloric restriction (to prevent obesity, and reduce consumption of saturated fats and cholesterol) elimination of environmental stress, regular exercise, and periodic control of blood pressure can prevent its complications. Among the non-pharmacologic treatment methods that are used to treat and control hypertension are progressive relaxation technique, massaging therapy, family counseling, and quitting smoking. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that non-pharmacologic treatment can reduce complications and risk factors of hypertension, and sometimes even be used as initial treatment for hypertension.  }, keywords = {Hypertension,Treatment,Non-pharmacologic Methods}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10829.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10829_f5345f03f19615edc53ddac8f4cf49ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghezelbash, Sima and Ghorbani, Azam}, title = {LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND HYPERTENSION PREVENTION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a clear risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, affects nearly one billion people worldwide. Recent statistics have reported increasing mortality due to hypertension which reveals the importance of prophylactic strategies in controlling blood pressure. Lifestyle changes are one of the most effective ways to prevent and control hypertension.    METHODS: This study was a comprehensive literature review performed through searches in databases such as Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the terms "lifestyle", "hypertension", "lifestyle modification", "risk factors for hypertension", "nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension", and "dietary and activity factors".    RESULTS: Lifestyle factors such as dietary behaviors and physical activity are associated with hypertension. Several studies have indicated direct and indirect associations between overweight and increased risk of hypertension. Increased consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk and reduced consumption of sodium, fat, and alcohol are effective in preventing and controlling hypertension. In addition, some studies have reported a 35% reduction in risk of developing hypertension among individuals who engage in regular physical activity compared to sedentary people.    CONCLUSION: Since lifestyle- and diet-related factors are often modifiable, perceptions of their effects have specific importance in hypertension prevention and treatment.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10830.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10830_0e65e10cc52049ab820ef4542ed83108.pdf} } @article { author = {Samiei Siboni, Fatemeh and Alimoradi, Zainab and Khatooni, Marziyeh and Atashi, Vajihe}, title = {THE ROLE OF HEALTH PROMOTION BEHAVIOR IN CONTROLLING ANXIETY AND STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most important, worldwide chronic diseases. In most cases the real cause of hypertension is not clear but recent studies have shown that unhealthy lifestyle may lead to stress, anxiety and hypertension.    METHODS: The study design of this article was written based on reviewing published articles in scientific database including ISI web of knowledge, Medline, pub med, Elsevier. The articles about healthy lifestyle, stress and anxiety in patients with hypertension was reviewed.    RESULTS: Hypertension was the major risk factor for developing cardiovascular and renal disease. In most cases the real cause of hypertension was not clear but recent studies have shown that unhealthy lifestyle may lead to stress, anxiety and hypertension. Lifestyle factors were critical determinants of blood pressure levels operating against a background of genetic susceptibility. An improving healthy lifestyle behavior was important in improving health and was a multidimensional pattern. Not all strategies would be effective for every individual, but to some extent all patients being treated for hypertension should incorporate elements of therapeutic lifestyle changes into their treatment regimen. Healthcare providers play an important role in teaching individuals with hypertension on health promotion program and healthy lifestyles. Not only healthcare providers, advice that controlling hypertension is integral, but also patients should follow that advice. Special attention must be paid to intervention programs aimed at modifying lifestyle and providing education on stress management techniques. Non pharmacologic interventions include methods to modify lifestyle and reduce or coping with stress and anxiety such as: stress management intervention (SMI), dietary sodium reduction, weight reduction, supplement regimens utilizing calcium, magnesium, fish oil, and potassium.    CONCLUSION: Several studies in the context of chronic disease like hypertension had shown that increasing individual’s self-efficacy in order to modify lifestyle has an important role to improve or control their disease. Education is the key component of increasing self-efficacy in patients with hypertension and nursing prides itself on a holistic approach to healthcare that includes disease prevention and health promotion.}, keywords = {Health Promotion Behavior,Stress,Anxiety,Hypertension}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10831.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10831_22a402706f88319b48bdbee955077b01.pdf} } @article { author = {Tavilani, Heidar and Esfahani, Maryam}, title = {GENE POLYMORPHISM AND HYPERTENSION}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {Hypertension is a significant health problem worldwide and affects more than 20% of the adult population. This disorder has an important role in morbidity and mortality of heart and kidney disease patients. It is believed that essential hypertension is a multifactorial and polygenic disease; resulting from an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In this paper, we will review studies that have inspected new genome screen and introduced a new viewpoint on candidate genes of essential hypertension. We discuss on polymorphism of candidate genes which related in the pathogenesis of hypertension and take from experimental models or knowledge of the pathophysiology. Study on genetic factors of hypertension may be developing new treatment for these patients.}, keywords = {Essential Hypertension,Cardiovascular Disease,Gene,Candidate Gene,Polymorphism}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10832.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10832_1b7f2dc2b4c9d326e474b442bbfdd58c.pdf} } @article { author = {Seyedmazhari, Marjan}, title = {PHARMACOLOGICAL AND NON- PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW ARTICLE}, journal = {ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal}, volume = {8}, number = {Special Issue in National Hypertension Treatment}, pages = {-}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3955}, eissn = {2251-6638}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic disease. It is more common and more severe in elderly persons. Various studies however have estimated 41.9 million men and 27.8 million women to have prehypertension. Diagnosis and early treatment of prehypertension are of utmost importance. Although hypertension is usually divided into 2 general categories of essential (primary) and secondary hypertension, the initial treatment for hypertension often depends on its stage which is determined by systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lifestyle modification is the first step in treating stage one hypertension. Pharmaceutical treatments including diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium blockers, beta blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers will be recommended if lifestyle modification fails to control blood pressure.    METHODS: The PubMed database was searched by a number of keywords including hypertension, pharmaceutical treatment, and non-pharmaceutical treatment. The results were limited by determining a date range of 2008-11.    RESULTS: High blood pressure causes major health problems for many people around the world. It should be controlled because of its high mortality and morbidity. However, in order to select an appropriate treatment modality, it is initially important to diagnose the kinds and stages of hypertension. Pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical treatments can then be employed to control this serious disease.    CONCLUSION: Treating hypertension depends on the kinds and stages of this disease. Several tips should be considered when selecting a method of treatment.}, keywords = {Hypertension,Pharmacological treatment,Non-pharmacological treatment}, url = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10833.html}, eprint = {https://arya.mui.ac.ir/article_10833_0169206b8768ab767e4ac7ba9ad52695.pdf} }